内容紹介
Current Cancer Immunotherapy Using Activated Lymphocytes―Do Lymphocytes Actually Recognize Cancer Cells ?
Summary
Molecular cloning of interleukin-2(IL-2) has enabled adoptive cell therapy(ACT)to be established by using autologous activated lymphocytes. The low of regenerative medicine will promote the active development of ACT for public use, and ACTs that utilize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL), in vitro tumor-sensitized lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and gammadelta T cells are being evaluated as advanced medical treatments in Japan. In addition, chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T(CAR-T)cells and T cell receptor gene-modified T(TCR-T)cells are available for investigational clinical use. CAR-T and TCR-T cells have been associated with serious adverse events as well as drastic clinical efficacies, indicating the importance of choosing the antigens to be targeted. Presently, it is accurate to state that lymphocytes do recognize cancer cells. Clinical ACT research focusing on TIL and mutated cancer antigens will be initiated for the development of personalized immunotherapy for cancer in the future.
要旨
interleukin-2(IL-2)の実用化に伴って可能となった活性化自己リンパ球移入療法(adoptive cell therapy: ACT)は,数々の工夫と創意の下に変遷を重ねてきた。再生医療新法の成立を受け,培養施設やプロトコールおよび研究組織が審査されて安全性が確保されるとともに,今後はtumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL),cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL),natural killer T(NKT),γ64T細胞療法が先進医療として評価されていく。治験や早期承認制度を経て承認される日が期待される。一方,抗原受容体遺伝子がクローニングされ,遺伝子導入によって抗原特異性を付与した抗原受容体遺伝子改変リンパ球chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T(CAR-T),T cell receptor gene-modified T(TCR-T)細胞を用いたACTが注目されている。顕著な有効性とともに有害事象も明らかとなり,抗原選択の重要性が課題となっている。リンパ球は間違いなくがん細胞を知っている。今後はTIL,変異抗原をキーとした個別化ACTへの展開が期待される。
目次
Summary
Molecular cloning of interleukin-2(IL-2) has enabled adoptive cell therapy(ACT)to be established by using autologous activated lymphocytes. The low of regenerative medicine will promote the active development of ACT for public use, and ACTs that utilize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL), in vitro tumor-sensitized lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and gammadelta T cells are being evaluated as advanced medical treatments in Japan. In addition, chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T(CAR-T)cells and T cell receptor gene-modified T(TCR-T)cells are available for investigational clinical use. CAR-T and TCR-T cells have been associated with serious adverse events as well as drastic clinical efficacies, indicating the importance of choosing the antigens to be targeted. Presently, it is accurate to state that lymphocytes do recognize cancer cells. Clinical ACT research focusing on TIL and mutated cancer antigens will be initiated for the development of personalized immunotherapy for cancer in the future.
要旨
interleukin-2(IL-2)の実用化に伴って可能となった活性化自己リンパ球移入療法(adoptive cell therapy: ACT)は,数々の工夫と創意の下に変遷を重ねてきた。再生医療新法の成立を受け,培養施設やプロトコールおよび研究組織が審査されて安全性が確保されるとともに,今後はtumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL),cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL),natural killer T(NKT),γ64T細胞療法が先進医療として評価されていく。治験や早期承認制度を経て承認される日が期待される。一方,抗原受容体遺伝子がクローニングされ,遺伝子導入によって抗原特異性を付与した抗原受容体遺伝子改変リンパ球chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T(CAR-T),T cell receptor gene-modified T(TCR-T)細胞を用いたACTが注目されている。顕著な有効性とともに有害事象も明らかとなり,抗原選択の重要性が課題となっている。リンパ球は間違いなくがん細胞を知っている。今後はTIL,変異抗原をキーとした個別化ACTへの展開が期待される。